Question

The raw materials for photosynthesis are
A. CO$_2$ and O$_2$
B. Sunlight, O$_2$ and CO$_2$
C. Water and chlorophyll.
D. CO$_2$ and water.

Answer 1

Hint: Photosynthesis is an important biological process in plants and is a process in which green plants prepare food in form of simple chemical compounds such as sugars by utilizing the sunlight. It is specially carried out by the green plants.

Complete Solution:
In the process of photosynthesis, the plants synthesize nutrients from capturing the light energy and convert it into chemical energy. The autotrophs or plants receive sunlight or solar energy from the sun and with the help of their photosynthetic apparatus, the plants make food. The plants produce food and make it available to other organisms.

The energy of the sun is trapped by the plants to make chemicals in the form of organic and inorganic compounds. The compounds release the stored chemical energy to fuel the different activities of the living organisms. Plants are eaten by animals and the chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy to fuel a living, growing and moving body of animals.

In addition to the sunlight, there are some more raw materials that are required and are necessary for the photosynthetic process. Apart from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are the raw materials that are required for photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide is available in the atmosphere as a gas. The living animals exhale carbon dioxide as a waste product obtained after digestion of food. The carbon dioxide available in the atmosphere is taken up by the plants. It enters the plants through small openings that are present on the underside of the leaves and are known as stomata. Carbon dioxide from the surroundings is taken up and it combines with the hydrogen and carbohydrates are produced.

Water is another very important requirement for the photosynthetic process. Water is absorbed by the roots of the plants and through their conducting system of cells, it reaches the leaves and to the photosynthetic cells where the process occurs. Water dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen molecules. Hydrogen molecules from water are combined with carbon to form carbohydrates and oxygen is released as a by-product.
Therefore, the correct option is option D.

Note: The photosynthetic process is a vital biological process that is important not only for the plants but is useful to the other animals. With the using up the carbon dioxide of the atmosphere, water from the soil and sunlight, the plants produce simple chemical compounds as food.