Question

The process in which nutrient enriched water bodies support a dense plant population, which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen and results in subsequent loss of biodiversity is known as _____.
A. Green-house effect
B. Eutrophication
C. Land pollution
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: The chemicals or the waste products that render the soil, air, water or other natural resource are harmful or unsuitable for a specific purpose can be termed as pollutants. Major forms of pollution include light pollution, litter, air pollution, noise pollution, soil contamination, plastic pollution, thermal pollution, radioactive contamination, visual pollution, and water pollution.

Complete step by step answer:
Greenhouse effect is trapping the heat of the sun in the atmosphere of a planet by gases in that atmosphere. This happens because of greenhouse gases, which includes carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane and other. The greenhouse effect is hugely significant.
Land Pollution can be defined as the deterioration of the earth’s land surfaces that occurs mainly due to the direct and indirect effects of human activities. Similarly, when we misuse the land resources, land pollution happens.
Eutrophication can be defined as the gradual increase in the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and other plant nutrients in the aquatic ecosystem such as a lake, ponds, rivers etc. The fertility of such an ecosystem naturally increases the amount of organic substances, which can be broken down into nutrients, increases.
Therefore, the process in which nutrient enriched water bodies’ support a dense plant population, which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen and results in subsequent loss of biodiversity, is known as eutrophication.
So, the correct answer is “Option A”.

Note:
Important point to note down is that the eutrophic aquatic system exhibits extremely low concentration of oxygen in the bottom waters, a condition termed as hypoxia. Eutrophication causes problems in the food chain and affects the animal that feeds on them.