Question

The pressure which favors filtration of blood in the kidney and the one which opposes the filtration of blood are ________ & ________ respectively.
(a)Glomerular hydrostatic pressure & glomerular osmotic pressure
(b)Capsular hydrostatic pressure & glomerular osmotic pressure
(c)Glomerular osmotic pressure & glomerular hydrostatic pressure
(d)Glomerular osmotic pressure & arterial pressure

Answer 1

Hint: The pressure created by fluids is called hydrostatic pressure. This pressure is exerted by the blood in the glomerulus which is responsible for the filtration of more blood in a given time period.
The pressure exerted by colloids such as proteins in the walls of the glomerulus is known as osmotic pressure which creates an opposite pressure with respect to the hydrostatic pressure because the proteins absorb fluids through osmosis.

Complete answer:
The glomerular filtration is also known as renal filtration.
During this process, the force of pressure exerted from the blood vessel results in pushing out of filtrates from the capillaries which aid in blood filtration.
Increased osmotic pressure in glomerulus results in the decrease of glomerular filtration rate, thereby reducing the rate at which filtration occurs.
High osmotic pressure is due to the presence of increased colloids like albumin.

Additional Information:
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure exerted on the plasma of blood due to the pressure difference which exists between the afferent and efferent arterioles which deliver blood to the glomerulus. This results in the forcing of plasma filtrate from the glomerular capillaries to capsular space.
Glomerular osmotic pressure is also known as glomerular oncotic pressure.
In general, glomerular filtration occurs due to the pressure gradient in the glomerulus. An increase in blood pressure increases the glomerular filtration rate. Whereas, a decrease in blood pressure decreases the glomerular filtration rate.

So, the correct answer is 'Glomerular hydrostatic pressure & glomerular osmotic pressure'.

Note: The filtration of blood and vice versa is regulated by the concentration of fluids and colloids in the glomerulus. Generally, the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries is higher. Since the diameter of efferent arterioles is smaller in diameter than that of the afferent arteriole, there is a back-up of blood in glomerular capillaries. Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure which favors filtration is about 55 mmHg.