Question

The pair that exhibits hyperplasia and hypertrophy is
A. Leishmania tropica – Wucherxeria bancrofti
B. Nosema notabilis – Sphaerospora polymorpha
C. Fasciola hepatica – Plasmodium vivax
D. Sacculina – Carcinus maenas

Answer 1

Hint: A rise in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell proliferation is hyperplasia, or hypergenesis. It may contribute to an organ's gross enlargement. Hypertrophy is an increase in muscle cells and their development.

Complete answer:
L. Tropical infection results in a condition that is non-ulcerative. Wuchereria bancrofti is the main cause of lymphatic filariasis and is a human parasitic worm. Nosema notabilis is a microsporidian, recently reclassified as a fungus which mainly affects honey bees, a small, unicellular parasite. Sacculina is a crab genus which is a parasitic crab castrator. A common littoral crab is Carcinus maenas.
Fasciola hepatica is a parasitic trematode, also classified as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke. It infects the livers, including humans, of different mammals. Inflammation and hyperplasia (increasing the number of cells) of the epithelium are caused by adult flukes in the bile ducts. Plasmodium vivax is a protozoan parasite and a malaria-causing human pathogen. Infections with P. vivax malaria can lead to serious illness, and splenomegaly (hypertrophy) can also lead to death. i.e., a boost in the size of the spleen.
So, the correct answer is “Option C”.

Note:
Hyperplasia is understood to be the physiological (natural) response to a specific stimulus and hyperplastic growth cells remain subject to normal regulatory control mechanisms. However, hyperplasia may also occur as a pathological reaction if the stimuli are responsible for an excess of the hormone or growth factor. Similarly to physiological hyperplasia, growth hormones are mediated by cells that experience pathological hyperplasia and cease to proliferate if such stimuli are removed. This varies from neoplasia, in which genetically abnormal cells are able to proliferate in a non-physiological way that does not respond to normal stimuli.