Question

The number of hydrogen bonds formed by a molecule each of $H_{2}O,HF$ and $N{H}_3$ respectively are
a.) $2,2,3$
b.) $4,2,3$
c.) $2,1,3$
d.) $4,4,3$

Answer 1

Hint: Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom. It results from the attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalent bonded to a very Electronegative atom .
- A molecule having slightly negative charge or lone pair as in case of nitrogen or ammonia can also form hydrogen bonding with hydrogen of another ammonia molecule.

Complete Solution :
- For the formation of a hydrogen bond of a molecule with another molecule we need a H bond donor which are lone pair donors present in a molecule and H bond acceptors which is the number of hydrogen atoms present in a molecule.
- For intermolecular hydrogen bonding considering case of water $H_{2}O$ molecule as shown in the diagram oxygen atom has two lone pairs and two hydrogen atoms, meaning that the total number of hydrogen bonds of a water molecule is up to four.

In the case of $HF$ molecule due to Electronegativity of fluorine ,hydrogen develops a partial positive charge and is attracted to nearby lone pairs on fluorine of similar atoms to form hydrogen bonding and one involving one of its lone pairs. The other lone pairs are not used.

For the ammonia molecule case is different,where fluorine has three lone pairs ,nitrogen has only one lone pair to form hydrogen bonding with other molecules.for hydrogen in ammonia molecules, it is more a function of geometry. $N{H}_3$ is a Trigonal pyramidal. This means that in effect only one of the hydrogen atoms can effectively interact with the lone pairs because of the size and shape of the other side.

So the correct answer is $H_{2}O,HF$ molecule , and $N{H}_3$ molecule forms $4,2,3$ hydrogen bonds respectively..
So, the correct answer is “Option B”.

Note: Hydrogen bonding formed between hydrogen atom and an Electronegative atom of the same compound ,it is known as intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
- Hydrogen bonding makes ice less dense than liquid water, so ice floats on water.
- It also affects the shear viscosity of water.