Question

The movement of food from stomach to the oesophagus is prevented by………..?

Answer 1

Hint: From the mouth digestion begins. The food is firstly chewed by the teeth and gets mixed with the saliva which is secreted from the salivary gland. Digestion of starch and fats takes place by the enzymes in the saliva and the resulting bolus move into the esophagus by swallowing

Complete answer:
-The oesophagus is a tubular-shaped organ that joins the mouth to the stomach. The chewed and broken food once swallowed passes through the esophagus. Peristalsis movement occurs in the smooth muscles of the oesophagus that helps is pushing the food toward the stomach. The motions of the peristaltic wave are unidirectional, that is; it will move the food in only one direction - from mouth to stomach, and not a reverse movement, either that in the case of the vomit reflex.
-There is a formation of ring-like muscles known as sphincters in the human digestive system. The gastro-oesophageal sphincter (or cardiac sphincter) is situated at the stomach corner end of the esophagus. The pressure is exerted by the bolus of food and the act of swallowing. In response to this, the sphincter opens and the bolus goes into the stomach. In cases of no swallowing action, this sphincter is closed and prevents the contents of the stomach from moving up the oesophagus. In some cases, the acidic digestive juices escape into the esophagus which causes Acid reflux or “heartburn”.

So, the correct answer is,”Cardiac sphincter”.

Additional answer:
Stomach - The digestion of a larger portion of proteins occurs in the stomach. It is a saclike organ that releases gastric digestive juices aiding the digestion process. In the stomach chamber, pepsin is the enzyme that carries out the protein digestion.
-The highly acidic environment combined with the action of the enzyme pepsin kills so many microorganisms in the food resulting in the catabolism of protein in the food.
Large intestine-The reabsorption of the water from indigestible food material and the processing of the waste material is carried out in the large intestine. The length of the large intestine is much smaller related to the small intestine. Apparently, the diameter is larger for the large intestine and has three main parts: the cecum, the colon, and the rectum.

Note:
-The passage of the liquids and solids are controlled by the Sphincters.
-In the process of digestion, many sphincters are used every day like the lower esophageal sphincter, which is located at the top of the stomach that blocks stomach acids and other stomach contents from going up and into the oesophagus.