Question

The most learned medieval Muslim ruler who was well versed in various, branches of learning including astronomy, mathematicians, and medicine was:
A. Sikandar Lodhi
B. Iltutmish
C. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq
D. Alauddin Khilji

Answer 1

Hint: The Tughlaq dynasty was one of the oldest serving dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate period which ruled for almost 93 years. After the death of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Mohammad bin Tughlaq succeeded the throne and he was the Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351. He is also famously known as the wise foolish king because of his unrealistic decisions during his reign.

Complete Answer:
Mohammad bin Tughlaq as a leader and an administrator was a person of high intellect as well as reasoning, astronomy, philosophy, and mathematics. On the other hand, he was also known for his skills in calligraphy and physical sciences. He also had a vast knowledge of a variety of languages such as Sanskrit, Turkish, Persian as well as Arabic. He was also known for his liberal attitude and treatment of his people. As he believed in the idea of equality, he gave freedom not only to the Muslims but to both the Hindus as well as the Jains. He also profoundly and thoroughly well versed in religion and reasoning and also had an open-minded as well as a discerning outlook towards life and towards his decisions.
He had a profound interest in rationality, space, science as well as arithmetic and rationale. Due to his liberal approach, he mingled and kept his contacts with Muslim spiritualists as well as the leaders of Jains as well as the Hindu Yogis.
So, the correct answer is Option C.

Note: Mohammad bin Tughlaq is also best known as a ruler who took part in various striking trials and demonstrated a distinct fascination towards farming and agriculture. He had good knowledge of reasoning, astronomy, philosophy, and mathematics.
The reign of Mohammad bin Tughlaq had witnessed a poor execution despite his well-intended plans for his subjects, his grand plans had only led to a state of misrule.