
The maximum covalency is equal to the number of :(A)- paired p-electrons(B)- unpaired s-electrons(C)- the number of unpaired s and p electrons(D)- s-and p-electrons in the valence shell
Answer
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Hint: Covalency is the number of electrons contributed by an atom of the element for sharing of electrons with other atoms, that is mutually shared for covalent bonding.
Complete step by step answer:
Note: The elements having d-orbital like P, S, Cl, Br, I can show variable valency by increasing the number of unpaired electrons under excited conditions. The electrons in such elements on absorbing energy get excited from paired orbitals to vacant d-orbitals of the same shell. The elements, H, N, O, and F since do not have d-orbitals in their valence shell hence on excitation cannot show variable valency. This is the reason why exists but not .
-The maximum number of covalent bonds which an atom of that element can form with neighbouring
atoms are known as its maximum covalency.
-An element can show a maximum covalency which is equal to its group number. For example, the Chlorine element shows the maximum valency of seven which is its group number.
-For elements not having d-orbital, which is the first element of each group, the maximum covalency is equal to the total number of unpaired electrons in s-and p-orbitals in their valence shell. The maximum covalency of the first elements of each group is 4, because of the following reasons-
(i) small atomic size
(ii) no vacant d-orbitals
(iii) highly electronegative nature
-The valence characterized by the sharing of electrons in a chemical compound is what we call covalency. For example, Be contains two valence electrons, hence its maximum covalency is 2.
So, the correct answer is “Option C”.
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