Question

The maximum amount of electrolytes and water $\left( {70 - 80\% } \right)$ from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?
a. Proximal convoluted tubule
b. Descending limb of loop of Henle
c. Ascending limb of loop of Henle
d. Distal convoluted tubule.

Answer 1

Hint: Human excretory system consisting of two kidneys, two ureters, and a single urinary bladder, and a urethra. Kidneys syllable structure is in a reddish-brown, the bean-shaped structure that is situated between the levels of the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity. Adult human kidney measures up to $10 - 12$ in length, $2 - 3cm$ in thickness with an average weight of $120 - 170g$.

Complete answer:
The Proximal Convoluted tubule is lined by a simple cuboidal brush border epithelium that increases the surface area for the reabsorption. Essential nutrients and 70 to 80% of electrolytes and water are reabsorbed in this segment. By the help of proximal Convoluted tubule, the maintenance of the pH and ionic balance of the body fluids by the help of selective secretion of hydrogen ions, ammonia, and potassium ions into the filtrate and by the absorption of bicarbonate from it. During the formation of urine the tubular cell secretes substances like hydrogen ion, potassium ion, and ammonia into the filtrate.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Additional information:
• Permeable to water and, almost impermeable for the electrolytes, this feature shows shoes by the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
• Impermeable to water which allows the transfer of electrolytes actively or passively this feature is shown by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
• The distal convoluted tubule is held for conditional reabsorption of sodium and water takes place in this segment.

Note: Reabsorption is a process in which the volume of the filtrate formed per day with that amount of urine released gives almost 99% of the filtrate to be absorbed by the renal tubules. Reabsorption of water occurs by passive transport. Water is reabsorbed passively in the initial segment of the nephron. Tubular cells are most important for urine formation and it also helps in the maintenance of the ionic and acid-base balance of body fluids. There are mainly $4$ functions of the Tubules namely the Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Henle’s Loop, Distal Convoluted Loop, and the Collection duct.