Question

The Forest management in Java was under the ------.
A. British
B. Dutch
C. French
D. Portuguese

Answer 1

Hint:- Java is the island that was almost covered mostly with forests initially.
Dutch Colonized Indonesia and started their forest management in the agricultural lands of Jawa’s Forests.

Complete answer:
The Forest management in Java was under the Dutch. The Dutch were first imposed rents on the agricultural land in Forest areas. These rents on agricultural lands of Jawa, exempted only if the villagers provide free labor and buffaloes for cutting and transporting timber. But later, the Dutch instead of rent exemption were given small wages to the villagers of Jawa, but their right to cultivate forest land was banned by the forest law. Dutch started the Scientific Forestry in Indonesia, and also the Dutch enacted forest laws in Java Island in the 19th century. According to this new forest law, Villagers of Indonesia were punished if they were found grazing cattle in young stands, transporting wood without a permit, or traveling on forests. Even, the villagers' access to the forest was banned, under this law passed by the government of Dutch. Villagers were punished for grazing cattle, traveled on forest lands with horse cattle in young stands, and transported wood without permission.

Hence, answer B is the right option.

Note: Most of Indonesia’s forests are located in islands like Sumatra, Kalimantan, and West Irian.
In Java, the Dutch began their scientific forestry.
In 1882, Java exported around 280,000 from Java alone.