Question

The first life on earth developed through:
A. Chemical evolution and interaction
B. Cosmozoa
C. Panspermia
D. All the above

Answer 1

Hint: The history of the evolution of life on Earth traces the evolutionary process of living organisms and fossils from the origin of life to the present day. The theory which explains successfully the origin of first life on earth is proposed by Oparin and Haldane.

Complete answer:
For answering the question let’s study each point one by one.
Chemical evolution and interaction
Primitive earth conditions about 4 billion years ago supported chemical evolution. When the earth's surface temperature is below $100^{o}C$, the atmosphere contains nitrogen in the form of ammonium, carbon in the form of methane and oxygen in the form of water vapour, but no free oxygen. So the primitive atmosphere is "reduced". This connection is called a protoplasmic connection.
As the earth cools, it forms a hard crust which then forms basins and mounds. Meanwhile, atmospheric water vapour condenses and eventually rises to the surface like rain. The water that collects in the basin dissolves minerals such as chloride and phosphate, eventually forming large bodies of water known as oceans.
Formation of simple organic compounds: when the earth's surface cools to $(50-60)^{o}C$, the molecules and minerals present in the water combine in different ways and recombine through condensation, polymerization and reduction of oxides to form simple organic compounds such as alcohols, Aldehydes, glycerin, fatty acids, purines, pyrimidines, simple sugars (e.g. ribose, deoxyribose, glucose, etc.) and amino acids.
Oparin and Sidney Fox suggested that complex organic compounds that were synthesized biogenetically on primitive earth then tended to gather and form large colloid cell aggregates called protobionts.
The first non-cellular life forms probably originated 3 billion years ago. They will have large molecules containing RNA, proteins, polysaccharides, etc.
Panspermia is the hypothesis that life exists in the universe, which is distributed by cosmic dust, asteroids, planetoids, comets as well as by spacecraft carrying accidental contamination by microorganisms.
The cosmozoic theory was put forward by Richter (1865). According to this theory, living matter (protoplasm) may have accidentally moved from another planet to the earth's surface.
So, the correct answer is “Option A”.

Note:
The following three conditions must be met for the origin of life:
There must be a continuous supply of self-producing molecules called replicators. (Ii) The copy of this replicator must have been mutated. (iii) The replicator system should require a sustainable supply of free energy and partial isolation from the general environment.