Question

The fifth state of matter i.e. Bose-Einstein condensate was proved in:
A. $1991$
B. $1995$
C. $2001$
D. $2005$

Answer 1

Hint: The fifth state of matter i.e. Bose-Einstein condensate is an exotic form of matter generated by scientists that uses this form of matter in the unique microgravity environment to explore the quantum world. We know that there are four states of matter that are solid, gas, liquid and plasma but there is also a fifth state of matter that is Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).

Complete answer:
This was created by cooling a group of atoms to near absolute zero, the atoms begin to clump together as if they were one big “Super Atom''. These “Super atoms” are fragile and incredibly delicate so pull of gravity felt on earth can disturb. Hence we can say that in Bose-Einstein condensate atoms are hardly moveable, they have no free energy. Albert Einstein and Satyendra Nath Bose had predicted Bose-Einstein condensate in $1924 - 1925$ but finally Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle and Carl E. Wieman had managed to prove it in $1995$. Later in $2001$ they won the Nobel prize in physics for this achievement. Hence The fifth state of matter i.e. Bose-Einstein condensate was proved in $1995$.

So option B is the correct answer to this problem.

Note: An important property of Bose-Einstein condensate is coherence , due to this property the whole condensate can be treated as one big matter wave. Hence the fifth state of matter is man made which is more organised than solids. Since they are super atoms all moving in the same direction at the same time ,when they flow they do not lose energy due to friction.