Question

The enterochromaffin cell contain small granule which produce serotonin hormone whose function is-
(A) It helps in stimulation of gastric secretions
(B) It play a role in regulation of muscular movement
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: EC cells mainly have the purpose of synthesizing and secreting serotonin for gastrointestinal neuron regulation.
Serotonin, a protein, neurotransmitter, and mitogen may be categorized known mainly for its function in the central nervous system, but plays a major role in the periphery, with the highest endogenous reservoir of serotonin in the gut.
In the ENS serotonin is an important sensory transduction and mucus secretion modulator.

Complete answer: Enterochromaffin (EC) cells ( also known as Kulchitsky cells) are a cell type and neuroendocrine cell type.
1. They reside in the lumen of the digestive tract alongside the epithelium and play a crucial role in gastrointestinal regulation, especially intestinal motility and secretion.
2. By secreting the neurotransmitter serotonin and other peptides, EC cells modulate neuron impulses in the enteric nervous system (ENS). Because enteric afferent and efferent nerves do not protrude into the lumen of the intestine, EC cells serve as a form of transduction.
3. Within the ENS, serotonin functions within conjunction with other digestive hormones to control the gastrointestinal sensory and motor reflexes. They are also susceptible to mechanosensation, as is the case for the peristaltic intestinal reflex, which can be triggered by a bolus passing through the intestine.
4. EC cells release serotonin after activation to act on serotonin receptors on ENS neurons. Serotonin will instead, based on the dosage, modulate peristaltic contraction and secretion by stimulating smooth muscle and glands, respectively.

So, the Option (B) is Correct

Note: EC cells are small polygonal cells that are located between intestinal villi in the crypts.
These are classified by the presence of practically positioned granulations containing serotonin and other peptides from other cells of the gastrointestinal epithelial crypts.
These granules are reported to differ in size and shape ultrastructural, and are called pleomorphic.