Question

The Congress supported Mahatma Gandhi's plan for non-cooperation with the government (Sept. 1920) till the Punjab and Khilafat wrongs were removed and __________.
a.Poorna Swaraj was established
b. The Rowlatt Act was annulled
c. Parliamentary democracy was introduced
d. Swaraj was established

Answer 1

Hint: A landmark decision was made in the Calcutta session of Congress in 1920, after the Jallianwalah Bagh massacre. After this, the non-cooperation movement was started by Gandhiji which encouraged people to stop cooperating with the British government.

Complete answer: - The declaration for Purna swaraj was made because of the Jallianwalah Bagh massacre, it had angered all Indians and they had understood that there was no way that the British would listen to their demands.
- The non-cooperation movement started on 5th September 1920 and ended in 1922, it shook the British government.
- Gandhiji strengthened the movement by supporting the contemporaneous Muslim campaign against the breaking of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. This combined the Khilafat movement and the non-cooperation movement.
- The Khilafat movement was a movement started by the Muslims of the country to pressurise the British government to safeguard the authority of the Khalifa or caliph of the Muslims after the breakdown of the Ottoman empire.
- The movement encouraged people to boycott British educational institutions, return their titles, boycott British goods, elections, and eventually even resist taxes. The British government was visibly shaken after they understood the scale of the non-cooperation movement.
Thus, the correct option is (a).

Note: The Non-cooperation movement came to an end in 1922 when Gandhiji called it off after an incident in Bihar, at Chauri Chaura where a violent mob had attacked the police chowki and a British officer had been killed. Gandhiji wanted the movement to be non-violent, and therefore he called it off.