Question

The compound which contains both ionic and covalent bonds is:
A. $$AlC{l}_3$$
B. $$HCl$$
C. $$N{H}_{4}Cl$$
D. $$KCl$$

Answer 1

Hint: Based on the bond type present between the atoms we can classify the compound into two types which are ionic and covalent bond. We must remember that the covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between the atom while ionic bonds are formed by electrostatic interaction between the ions.

Complete step by step answer:
For solving this question we need to understand the structure of each molecule. We also need to check their nature as well. So let’s start
Case 1
In the first case we are having the molecule$$AlC{l}_3$$, and we know that the Aluminium needs to lose 3 electrons in order to gain a Noble gas configuration, whereas the chlorine only needs one electron more to attain a Noble gas configuration. So, one Aluminium atom can donate 3 electrons to 3 chlorine atoms forming the ionic bond with $$A{l}^{3+}{\left(C{l}^{-}\right)}_3$$, which will be the molecule.
Case 2
Coming to the second case we are given the molecule HCl and we know that the hydrogen needs to lose 1 electron in order to gain a stable configuration, whereas the chlorine only needs one electron more to attain a Noble gas configuration. So, one hydrogen can donate one electron to chlorine forming the ionic bond with $$H^{+}C{l}^{-}$$, which will be the molecule.
Case 3
Coming to the third case we are provided with $$N{H}_{4}Cl$$ and according to its structure this molecule is having both the covalent and the ionic bonds. The covalent bonds are between the hydrogen and nitrogen, as nitrogen need only 3 more electron and hydrogen also needs only one electron each, forming covalent bonds$$N{H}_3$$, one ore hydrogen gets attached and releases it electron which result in positive charge on molecule, $$N{H_4}^{+}$$, chlorine takes the electron forming an ionic bond and the molecule we get is $$N{H_4}^{+}C{l}^{-}$$.
Case 4
Coming to forth case we are provided with $$KCl$$ and we know that the potassium needs to lose 1 electron in order to gain a Noble gas configuration, whereas the chlorine only needs one electron more to attain a Noble gas configuration. So, one potassium can donate one electron to chlorine forming the ionic bond with$$K^{+}C{l}^{-}$$, which will be the molecule.

$\therefore$The answer to this question is option C.$$N{H}_{4}Cl$$. .

Note: We must know that the ionic compounds are generally easily dissolves in water and breaks into their respective ions, for example $$NaCl$$ breaks into $$N{a}^{+}$$and$$C{l}^{-}$$, similarly all the ionic compounds break. In case of covalent bonds since electrons are not donated or accepted instead are shared between the two atoms, no charges are being formed unless extra or less atoms are joined and these molecules are generally immiscible in water.