Question

The commonly used host in HGP were
A. Bacteria and yeast
B. Bacteria and fungi
C. Protozoa and bacteria
D. Plants and fungi

Answer 1

Hint: Human genome project (HGP) was an international project to determine the base pairs of human DNA. This includes identifying, mapping and sequencing the genes of a human DNA. The project was initiated by the US government in 1984 and was launched in 1990. 85% of the human genome was sequenced by April 14, 2003.
Step by step solution:
For the sequencing of the human genome, DNA is isolated from the cell and cut fragments into smaller parts. As DNA is 2 metres long and a very complex molecule, it becomes difficult to sequence it in one go, which is why it is cut down into smaller fragments using restriction enzymes.

The hosts that were used for the HGP were bacteria and yeast. The vectors were known as BAC which stands for bacterial artificial chromosome and YAC which stands for yeast artificial chromosome.

• • YAC was used to clone DNA fragments of size 200-2000 kb. It has a high insert capacity.

• BAC can carry DNA of 350 kb only. BAC is obtained from bacteria which is a prokaryote.

The amplification of DNA is followed by the cloning of DNA.

So, option is A correct.

Note: The human genome is unique for every individual. So in order to sequence the whole genome, the project involve sequencing a small number of individuals and then assembling them to get the complete sequence for each chromosome. Due to this, the sequenced human genome is a mosaic and not unique to any one individual.