Question

The brainstem is made up of
A. Midbrain, pons, cerebellum
B. Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
C. Diencephalon, medulla oblongata, cerebellum
D. Cerebellum, cerebrum and medulla oblongata

Answer 1

Hint: The brain is one of the human body's biggest and most complex organs. It consists of over 100 billion nerves that interact in trillions of synapses-called links.

Complete Answer:
The brain, the mass of the anterior end of the organism's nerve tissue. The brain processes sensory input and guides motor responses; it is also the centre of learning in higher vertebrates. The human brain, which is made up of billions of cells called neurons, weighs about 1.4 kg (3 pounds). Neuron junctions, known as synapses, enable the transfer of electrical and chemical signals from one neuron to the next in the brain, a process that underlies basic sensory functions and is essential to learning, the development of memory and thinking and other cognitive activities.

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are the distal portion of the brain that consists of the brain stem (brain stem). Each of the three elements has a unique structure and feature of its own. Together, they help to monitor breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and many other essential functions.Because of its special structure, all of these brainstem functions are enabled; because the brainstem houses cranial nerve nuclei and is a passageway for many significant neural pathways.

1. Medulla oblongata: Basilar section-includes pyramids (corticospinal tract transmission), olives (corticospinal tract transmission)
- Medullary tegmentum comprises four cranial nerve nuclei, the gracile and cuneate tubercles (and tracts).

2. Pons: Basilar segment-suits the basilar artery, the corticospinal tract, the corticonuclear fibres, the pontine nuclei
- Pontine tegmentum comprises four cranial nerve nuclei, pontine reticular formation, ascending spinal tracts, locus coeruleus.

3. Midbrain:
- Traversed by the cerebral aqueduct.
- Traversed by the cerebral aqueduct.
- Contains the quadrigeminal (upper and lower colliculi) plate.
- Separated cerebral peduncles into crura cerebri and tegmentum.
- Tectum-posterior to the aqueduct of the brain.

The correct answer is option(B) Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.

Note: The brainstem has three essential functions:
- To act as a conduit for pathways to and from the brain to ascend and descend.
- To house the nuclei of cranial nerves.
- To merge the roles of many critical systems with each other.