Question

The Bose-Einstein condensate is formed by:
A. Heating a gas of extremely low density, about one-hundred-thousandth the density of normal air, to super low temperature.
B. Cooling a gas of extremely low density, about one-hundred-thousand times the density of
normal air, to super low temperature.
C. Heating a gas of extremely low density, about one-hundred-thousandth the density of normal air, to super high temperature.
D. Cooling a gas of extremely low density, about one-hundred-thousand times the density of
normal air, to super high temperature.

Answer 1

Hint: A Bose-Einstein condensate is formed when gas of extremely low density$(1/100,000)$is cooled down at ultra-low temperature.

Step by step answer: The commonly known states of matter are solid, liquid, gaseous, plasma. Bose-Einstein condensate state of matter was created around 1990. It is a group of atoms when cooled at an ultra low temperature the atoms are not able to move relatively to each other.
They have no energy to do so. At this temperature they begin to clump together and enter into the same energy states and become identical to each other where the whole group of atoms behaves as a single atom.

The temperature at which this Bose- Einstein condensate is cooled is almost where they start forming and behaving as a single quantum mechanical entity.

Therefore the Bose-Einstein condensate is formed when a gas is cooled down at ultra low temperature.

Therefore, the correct option is option (B).


Note: For the cooling of gas at ultra low temperature the atoms must be thermally isolated from their surrounding and an electromagnetic field is created so that all atoms stick to an ultracold temperature surface. When all the atoms are trapped after getting thermally isolated and are passed through a cooling process a potential is built around the atoms due to a magnetic field which lets them behave as a single entity.