Question

The atomic number of an element X is 16. In the modern periodic table, the element X belongs to this block and periods.

Answer 1

Hint:The elements with different electronic configurations have different properties and hence have been placed at different places in the periodic table. The periodic table consists of:
-Seven horizontal rows called periods.
-Eighteen vertical columns are called groups or families.
-Four blocks.

 Complete step by step answer: The element X has atomic number = 16 and as we know the atomic number is equal to the number of protons which is also equal to the number of electrons. Hence the number of the electron in element X is 16. So its electronic configuration is
$1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^4$
Here, the last electron or valence electron enters in the p subshell; the element belongs to the p block. As we know the valence shell number is equal to the period number. Since, the valence shell number is 3 so the period number is also 3.
The element having atomic number 16 and belongs to the p block and period three is sulphur.

Additional Information: We can find the group number as below:
For s block element, the group number is equal to the number of valence electrons. For the case p block element, the group number is equal to 10 + number of valence electrons. For the case of d block elements, the group number is equal to the number of electrons in (n-1) d orbitals and ns orbitals.

Note:
 The most common form of periodic table is the long form of the periodic table. This table is based on modern periodic law and is an improved form of Mendeleev's periodic table. The important features of the table are:
-All the elements have been arranged in the increasing order of atomic numbers.
-Elements with similar electronic configuration have similar properties and hence have been placed together in one place.