Question

Synergids are
A) Hexaploid
B) Haploid
C) Diploid
D) Triploid

Answer 1

Hint: In the female gametophyte of gymnosperms, two specialized cells are present adjacent to the egg cell. These two cells are known as synergids.

Complete Answer:
During the process of megasporogenesis, diploid megaspore undergoes the process of meiotic division to result in the production of four haploid megaspores.

Option A: Hexaploid means a cluster of six cells. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Option B: Amongst the four megaspores generated, three undergoes denaturation and only one remains functional.
- The functional megaspore later undergoes mitosis to result in the formation of 2 daughter nuclei which subsequently undergoes two more mitotic divisions. This mitotic division now gives rise to 8 more nuclei out of which 3 organize themselves into egg apparatus consisting of an egg cell plus two synergids which are formed at the micropylar end.
- The other three nuclei organize themselves into antipodal cells at the chalazal end while the remaining two result from the central cell. As these 8 nuclei are the outputs of mitotic division of the haploid megaspore, the synergids are haploid in nature. Therefore, this is the correct option.

Option C: Diploid consists of two cells in a cluster. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Option D: Triploid means three cells in a cluster. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Thus, the correct option is B) Haploid.

Note: Synergids are defined as short-lived cells lying near the embryonic sac of the flower. The role of synergids is as follows,
- They have a role in fertilization.
- They help in guiding the pollen grains by producing signals.
- Once fertilization takes place, both antipodals and synergids degenerate.