Question

Study the different conclusions drawn by students of a class on the basis of observations of preserved/ available specimens of plants and animals.
i. Potato and sweet potato are analogous organs in plants.
ii. Wings of insects birds are homologous organs in animals.
iii. Wings of insects and wings of bats are analogous organs in animals.
iv. Thorns in citrus and tendrils in Cucurbita are analogous organs in plants.
The correct conclusion is,
(a) I and II
(b) II and lV
(c) I and III
(d) III and lV

Answer 1

Hint: Homologous is Having the same or a similar relationship; as in relative position or structure, corresponding. Matching in form and roots, but not generally in function: a bird's wing and a horse's foreleg are homologous. Analogous is Role similarity and superficial resemblance of systems of distinct roots.

Complete step by step answer:
Both potato and sweet potato have the same food storage feature and are thus comparable organs.
Insect wings and bird wings are similar organs, since both have the same flight feature, but have different embryonic origins.
An insect's wings are thin and membranous, while bat structures are modified with skin flaps extended between the finger and arm bones, but both are used for flight, but they do not have a similar embryonic origin and are thus considered comparable structures.
Citrus thorns and Cucurbita tendrils are homologous structures since both of them are modified stems, but thorns defend plants against predators, while tendrils provide climbing support plants.
So, the correct answer is ‘ l and lll’.

Additional information: A similar embryonic origin shares homologous structures; comparable organs have a similar function. For starters, the bones in a whale's front flipper are homologous to the bones in the human arm. There are no equivalent systems. A butterfly's wings and a bird's wings are comparable, but not homologous.

Note: In evolutionary research and mapping a fossil's ancestry, the existence of homologous and similar organs helps. The existence of homologous organs means that the organs are closely related to the species and share a similar heritage.