Question

What is the structure and function of the central nervous system?

Answer 1

Hint: One of the major distinguishing features of living and non living creatures is their response to external stimuli and adapt accordingly. This property is crucial for living beings to sustain their life. The coordination between the actions produced and the stimuli is necessary.

Complete answer:
The nervous system is very important in coordinating the sensation and the response to the stimuli. It consists of two main parts- central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. These are made up of several neurons which can be divided as motor neurons, sensory neurons and interneurons.
We can further divide the central nervous system into the brain and spinal cord. They are protected by the skull and vertebral column. The neurons are the building blocks of the system and are structural and functional units of the central nervous system. They can be classified into unipolar, bipolar, pseudo unipolar and multipolar neurons.
The brain which carries out major complex processes sets up skeletal movements and other physiological functions of the body. In human beings they are divided into two hemispheres each of which consists of lobes, such as frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe. Anatomically speaking, they can be divided into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.
The spinal cord serves the function of a mediator between the brain and peripheral nervous system.

Note:
The brain is surrounded by the cerebrospinal fluid which provides buoyancy and nourishment. It is the presence of the fluid that we don't experience the heavy weight of the brain. Any injury caused to the brain or spinal cord gives permanent damage.