Question

How is ‘stratification’ represented in a forest ecosystem?

Answer 1

Hint: Stratification is the process of vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels. In this process trees occupy the top layer, shrubs arranged in the second layer, herbs and grasses occupy the bottom most layers. The height range is the main characteristic of the actual layer.

Complete answer: Ecosystem consists of both biotic and abiotic factors. Different types of flora and fauna are found in a single ecosystem. There are many ecosystems such as pond ecosystem, forest ecosystem, desert ecosystem and many more. As different types of species are found in it so they must be arranged in the proper manner.
Stratification is the process of arrangement of species in their habitat so that uses of resources can be maintained by reducing competition between different organisms. Bottom layer is occupied by herb and grasses, the second layer is occupied by shrubs and the third one by small trees and the last one by canopy.
Layers of stratification are also called strata. In tropical rain forest there is dense vegetation so various levels are formed for the better survival of organisms. Flora is arranged in ground flora level. It is also called a forest floor that includes root and moss layers. The forest canopy has a complex structure that is significant for environmental intersections, regeneration, growth and biotic habitat.

Note: Top most layer of a tree layer includes trees of height about 5 meters and it comprises top stratum. It contains phanerophytes( height 45 meters) and is the highest layer of vegetation in forest. There are some trees which are below the canopy and above the shrub layer called understory. Root layer includes the rhizosphere while the moss layer includes microorganisms.