Question

States two methods of political struggle evolved by Mahatma Gandhi as part of the National Movement.

Answer 1

Hint:Mahatma Gandhi Full name is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.
He was born on October 2, 1869, Porbandar, India and died on January 30, 1948, Delhi. He was an Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the founding father of the people against India's British rule.

Complete answer:
Two methods of political struggle founded by Gandhi were Swadeshi & Satyagraha.
The Satyagraha movement started in 1906 and ended in 1914.
The Swadeshi movement started in 1905 and ended in 1911.

1). Swadeshi:-
This was a 6-year long comprehensive movement.
Swadeshi means manufacturing the requisite products in one's own country and using them without relying on imported goods for one's use.
Gandhiji guessed that obtaining Swadeshi products would make us self-sufficient and eliminate our reliance on imported products.
Manual labour & the use of Charkha & Khadi were emphasised by Gandhiji.
2). Satyagraha:-
In Bihar, Champaran is a district.
On 11th April 1917, Gandhiji arrived in Champaran.
Satyagraha was a moral force born of truth and non-violence, to Gandhiji. It meant to be fearless, true as well as peaceful, willingly suffering while refusing to submit what was wrong.
But it does not entail contempt for the evil-doer, even though fighting evil.
Under high taxes and an exploitative regime, the farmers suffered. The British planters under the Tinkathia scheme forced them to produce indigo.

Note:The Swadeshi Movement preceded the revolutions that Gandhi later launched.
In the Swadeshi movement itself the Non-cooperation movement, the Civil Disobedience movement, branded as a 'constructive boycott,' had its genesis.
But the Swadeshi movement's issue was that it was not properly directed, and because of the work of Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka and the establishment of the Muslim League, it failed to unite the Hindus and Muslims. Mahatma Gandhi was convinced to visit Champaran by Raj Kumar Shukla (an agriculturalist).
Kheda Satyagraha is a peasant struggle against the demand of the British government for the complete realisation of the peasants' land tax amid famine and crop losses. Therefore the Kheda peasants requested non-payment of land taxes.