Question

State the mode of transmission for the following disease. Malaria, AIDS, Jaundice, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies, Tuberculosis, Diarrhoea, Hepatitis, Influenza.

Answer 1

Hint: Malaria is caused by protozoa and has two hosts: mosquito and human. The Infectious stage of malaria is present in mosquitoes. Virus of AIDS can only transfer through direct contact. Typhoid causes fever if the human ingests the virus orally. Infection of tuberculosis and influenza can spread through air. Rabies is mostly found in animals.

Complete answer:
Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not only absence of disease. Disease can be congenital or acquired. Malaria is a type of protozoan disease. Malarial parasite that is plasmodium has two hosts. Female Anopheles mosquito carries the infective stage to plasmodium (Sporozoites). When the same mosquito bites any healthy human it causes malaria.
> AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is a disorder of the cell mediated immune system of the body. HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) is a retrovirus that attacks helper T cells and causes the disease. This virus can be entered through infected blood or semen, use of contaminated needles or syringes to inject drugs or vaccine, sexual intercourse with an infected person, mother’s milk, from mother to foetus, organ transplant.
> Jaundice is caused by excess bilirubin in blood and can be transmitted by using contaminated through contact with bodily fluids of the infected person.
> Typhoid is caused by pathogen Salmonella typhi. It is transferred through faecal oral route or contaminated food and water.
> Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae. It can be transferred through contaminated food and water.
> Rabies is caused by Rabies virus. The virus is introduced in the body by the bite of rabid animals, usually dogs.
> Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection can be spread by coughing and sneezing by the infected person. Inhalation of droplets, infection of food and milk contaminated with bacteria of tuberculosis, etc.
> Diarrhoea and hepatitis can be spread by contaminated food and water.
> Influenza is caused by pathogen Orthomyxovirus and spread by cough and sneeze droplets.

Note:
Malarial parasite has two hosts to complete its life cycle. Human beings are considered as intermediate hosts while the female Anopheles mosquito serves as vector host. To prevent contaminated food and water diseases freshwater and food should be taken. To control infectious disease use of vaccines and immunization programs is a necessary step.