Question

State Kelvin-Planck and clausius statement.

Answer 1

Hint: Kelvin-Planck’s and clausius statement both represent or express the second law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics actually came into the picture because of the limitations of the first law of thermodynamics. Both the above laws have the same meaning in depth but application of both vary.

Complete answer:
Kelvin Planck’s statement: It is impossible to construct an engine, which will produce no effect other than extracting heat from the reservoir and performing equivalent amounts of work.
This law is applicable to heat engines. It indicates that a working substance, operating in a cycle cannot convert all heat extracted from the source into mechanical work. It must reject some heat to the sink at lower temperature.
Clausius statement: It is impossible for a self acting machine, unaided by any external agency, to transfer heat from a body to another at higher temperature.
This is applicable to a refrigerator. The working substance can absorb heat from a cold body only if work is done. If no external work is done the refrigerator will not work.

Note:
The second law of thermodynamics puts a fundamental limit to the efficiency of the heat engine and the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator. The second law has some limitations as well. It makes no prediction as so what will happen under certain conditions but simply states what will happen under a given set of conditions.