Question

Select the correct pair of hormones that are antagonistic in function.
A)Melanocyte stimulating hormone-Somatostatin
B)Calcitonin-Melatonin
C)Progesterone-Estrogen
D)Insulin-Glucagon

Answer 1

Hint: They help in maintaining a state called homeostasis. In homeostasis, the internal temperature of the body remains steady. Both the hormones work in balance. Thus, it plays an important role in regulating blood sugar levels. If one of the levels of the hormone will be higher or lower from the ideal range then the blood sugar level may increase or decrease.

Complete answer:
To control the concentration of the substance in the body many hormones work with the hormone antagonist. whenever there is an opposite action between the hormones on the body it is known as antagonistic.
-The antagonistic hormone pair is between the insulin and glucagon because the action of insulin is very opposite to the glucagon.
For example- whenever we eat food containing carbohydrates such as chips, chocolates, etc, our blood glucose concentration rises sharply and this increase stimulates the beta cells which are present in the pancreas to release insulin into the blood.
-Most of the body's cells take the glucose in response to the signals by insulin and remove the glucose from the blood. Thus, the concentration of blood glucose returns to the set point.
-Later, when we skip eating lunch and feel hungry then our blood glucose concentration will be a drop below the setpoint. This decreased concentration of glucose causes the release of glucose from the liver cells. Hence, increase our blood glucose concentration.
-If work by glucagon did not happen correctly then the concentration of the glucose level. It will continue to draw and this will lead to hypoglycemia that is low blood sugar.
-Therefore an antagonistic relationship between these two hormones helps in maintaining the range of blood glucose concentration

Additional Information: Melanocyte stimulating hormone-Somatostatin
-Melanocyte stimulating hormone is a group of hormones which is produced by the pituitary gland, hypothalamus as well as skin cells.
-Somatostatin is produced mainly by the nervous and digestive system in the body which helps in regulating the wide range of physiological functions and also stops the secretion of other hormones.
 Calcitonin-Melatonin
-The level of the calcitonin in the bone is increased by melatonin which helps in suppressing the bone destroying the activity of the osteoblastic cells. It also helps in maintaining the density of the bone
Progesterone-Estrogen
These are the steroid hormones which are responsible for performing various female characteristics in the body.
So, the correct answer is ‘Insulin-Glucagon’.

Note: -So, for maintaining the homeostasis insulin and glucagon work together by increasing the secretion of insulin by the pancreas when blood sugar is too high and when the level of the blood sugar decreases, glucagon release by the pancreas to increase them.
-This together helps in providing sufficient energy to the cells.