Question

What is the relationship between DNA, a chromosome, and chromatin?

Answer 1

Hint: Nucleic acids are biomolecules that are responsible for the formation of DNA and RNA. They are naturally occurring and are very large. They are considered the primary information-carrying molecules in all living organisms.

Complete answer:
DNA is a biomolecule that is made up of five-carbon sugar, deoxyribose sugar is attached with a phosphate group and nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous bases are purine molecules; adenine and guanine or pyrimidine molecules; thymine and cytosine. Chromosomes are molecules that have packaged DNA molecules. They are found in the nucleus of the cell. A chromosome is a basic unit to establish the heredity of a person as it consists of genes that encode the person’s specific characteristics. Chromatins are molecules within the chromosome. They consist of proteins and threads of DNA that are condensed to form chromosomes.
DNA is a double helical structure that is densely packed into chromosomes. A special type of protein known as the histone protein tightly packs the DNA into octamers and forms a nucleosome. These nucleosomes are further packed tightly into chromatins. These chromatins are then packed densely to form chromosomes.

Note:
RNA molecule consists of five-carbon sugar is ribose sugar which is attached with a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. In RNA all nitrogenous bases are the same as DNA but instead of pyrimidine thymine, uracil is attached to the sugar. The polynucleotide chains of both RNA and DNA are linked together with phosphodiester linkages from the sugar molecules. A phosphate group of molecules is joined to the sugar molecule of another nucleotide.