Question

How do primary metabolites differ from secondary metabolites?

Answer 1

Hint: The specificity, quantity, structural component and direct or indirect involvement of the metabolite in the organism's metabolic pathways, which are important for its growth, development and reproduction.

Complete answer:

Primary Metabolites	Secondary Metabolites
Primary metabolites are the substances that are involved directly in an organism's metabolic pathways essential for its development, growth, and reproduction.	Secondary metabolites are organic compounds formed by different organisms that are not directly involved in the organism's development, growth, or reproduction, but are important in ecological and other activities.
They are also referred to as “central metabolites”.	Also known as “specialized metabolites”.
During the organism's growth process, primary metabolites are generated. This growth process is also known as 'trophophase'.	During the stationary phase of the organism, secondary metabolites are formed. This growth process is also known as 'idiophase'.
Primary metabolites are obtained in large quantities.	Obtained in the small quantities as compared to primary metabolites.
Primary metabolites are extracted easily.	Secondary metabolites are not easy to extract.
Primary metabolites are not species-specific, and in certain organisms they can also be similar.	Secondary metabolites are species-specific, and in various organisms they are also different.
In the growth, development, and reproduction of species, primary metabolites are involved.	Ecological functions and relationships of organisms include secondary metabolites.
The molecular structure in organisms might shape primary metabolites.	They are not a part of the molecular structure of the organism.
In the defence mechanism, primary metabolites are not involved.	Secondary metabolites are active against foreign attackers and, as a defensive mechanism, may be involved.
Proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, ethanol, lactic acid, butanol are some examples of primary metabolites.	Steroids, essential oils, phenolics, alkaloids, pigments, antibiotics and so on are some examples of secondary metabolites.

Note: In different biotechnological processes for the creation of drugs and other substances such as enzymes, primary metabolites and secondary metabolites are used, including glucose, cellulose, glycogen, chitin, peptidoglycan, etc., as well as flavonoids and pigments including chlorophyll, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, indigoidine, rhodopsin.