Question

Pollution of SO₂ destroys:
(A) Fungi
(B) Lichen
(C) Algae
(D) Fishes

Answer 1

Hint:The species which grow in a certain environment and do not grow in polluted areas are known as pollution indicators. Lichens are species which are not able to and cannot grow in a polluted environment, especially in areas where sulphur dioxide is present.

Step by step solution:
Sulfur dioxide (SO2), an odourless, poisonous gas, belongs to a wider class of substances known as sulphur oxides (SOx). The combustion of sulfur-containing substances such as coal, oil, and diesel releases these gases, particularly SO₂.
Vehicles, smelting and processing facilities for metals, and power plants are examples of sources. Although recent federal rules to lower the sulphur content of diesel fuels have significantly reduced emissions from this sector, diesel cars and equipment have long been a substantial source of sulphur dioxide. Another unavoidable result of volcanic activity is sulphur dioxide. When released into the atmosphere, sulphur dioxide, like nitrogen dioxide, can produce secondary pollutants. Aerosolized sulphate, particulate matter, and other secondary pollutants are produced when sulphur dioxide is burned.
Sulfur dioxide, related SOx, and secondary pollutants can make breathing more difficult, especially for children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing diseases. This can lead to respiratory sickness. Longer exposures can also worsen existing lung and heart issues. Sulfur dioxide and other SOx are partially to blame for the development of dense haze and fog, which can have negative effects on one's health as well as visibility.
Although the effects vary depending on the species, sulphur dioxide can also prevent lichen reproduction (both sexual and asexual), as well as spore germination. The activity of nitrogenase, which is employed by cyanobacterial photobionts to fix atmospheric nitrogen, has also been demonstrated to be inhibited by sulphur dioxide.
therefore, option (B) is correct.
Note: Lichen is also known as a pollution indicator because it cannot grow in polluted areas, especially areas polluted by sulphur dioxide.