Question

Polished rice has less protein due to
(a)Removal of the aleurone layer
(b)Denaturation of protein by polish
(c)Heat treatment that causes the destruction of proteins
(d)Both B and C

Answer 1

Hint: Unpolished rice is healthier than polished rice, as there is more protein content in unpolished rice along with fibers. After polishing rice only the endosperm of the rice will be existing and it only contains carbohydrates.

Complete answer:
Polished rice has less protein content because of the removal of the aleurone layer by polishing. By polishing, manufacturers remove residual bran on the surface of rice to make it smoother and further polishing to remove the aleurone layer and this results in grain containing less protein. The outermost layer of the endosperm is called an aleurone layer. By removing the aleurone layer, proteins found in the protein granules of maturing seeds and tubers are also getting removed.

Additional Information:
-The carbohydrate-rich endosperm cells are big and don’t have a proper shape while the aleurone layer surrounding it is morphologically and biochemically different.
-For both seed and grown plants, the aleurone layer is necessary, as the aleurone tissue collects a large amount of oil and lipids which is necessary for seed development and dormancy.
-Aleurone layer is the most beneficial part of the brain with a lot of protein bodies and contains many pathogens protecting proteins and it also provides color to kernels.
So, the correct answer is, ‘Removal of the aleurone layer’.

Note: -Several studies on the aleurone layer proved that the aleurone layer produces starch degrading enzymes with the help of the embryo. Removal of embryos prevented the release of starch degrading enzymes and inhibited degradation of starch tissue.
-Polished rice is also known as milled rice, which has flavor, texture, and appearance difference from the normal rice and polishing prevents spoilage of rice.
-Polishing of rice is done differently, in olden times it was achieved by hand pounding method, where devices that resemble mortar and pestle were used. At present mechanical milling is available which can polish large quantities in a short period.