Question

How do polar and nonpolar covalent bonds compare?

Answer 1

Hint:Here we have to know that polarity and non polarity of molecules are depending upon electronegativity . Actually here to effectively compare polar as well as non polar covalent bonds we have to depend upon lewis structure. By depending upon certain factors of both polar and non covalent bonds like symmetry , dipole moment , electron density etc: , we can easily compare the two.

Complete answer:
First of all before comparing , we need to have a basic idea about polar and nonpolar covalent bonds.
Simply defined as bonds which are partly ionic are polar covalent bonds and those with equal sharing of bond of electrons which arise when the electronegativities of two atoms are equal are called non polar covalent bonds.
Next for comparing, first of all we shall look upon the case of polar covalent bonds.
Here we have to know that it is the bond that exists between two nonmetal atoms which possess different electronegativities . Thus they have unequal sharing of bonding electron pairs.
Let us take the example of $$HCl$$here.
Here in case of $$H-Cl$$ , $$Cl$$ atom is having electronegativity of $$3.0$$ , and that of $$H$$ atom is $$2.1$$.
Here we have to know that the result will be a bond in which the electron pair is displacing towards the more electronegative atom. It is then followed by a partial negative charge obtained by the particular atom , at the same time partial positive charge will be obtained by a less electronegative atom. So , here we can say that separation of charge or bond dipole has occurred.
Next we shall look onto the case of non –polar covalent bonds.
This type of bond is entirely different from that of polar covalent bonds because it is a bond between two nonmetal atoms which possess the same electronegativity and therefore occurs as an equal sharing of bonding electron pairs.
Let us now take the example of $$H_2$$ here.
Each Hydrogen atom possesses a bond of $$H-H$$ . They have an electronegativity of $$2.1$$ and we have to know that a covalent bond is existing here. Actually this covalent bond existing between the atoms makes them considered as non-polar. Van der waals force of interaction is existing between non polar bonds.

Note:First of all we should keep in mind that inorder to compare two things, basically we need to have a clear idea about them relating the nature ,factors, significance, difference etc: We have to know that chemical bond consists of polar covalent bonds and nonpolar covalent bonds. Actually polar bonds generally have high melting point , surface tension, boiling point and also low vapour pressure whereas non polar bonds have low melting point, boiling point and high vapour pressure. In an easy brief we can conclude that polar bonding is unequal sharing whereas non polar bonding is equal sharing of electrons.