Question

Pneumatophores are useful in which of the following:
A. Respiration
B. Transpiration
C. Guttation
D. Protein synthesis.

Answer 1

Hint: Pneumatophore is the special root modification in which pneumatophores have erect structure and it generally happens in water surface areas and this modification helps in exchange of gases in hydrophytic plants or trees.

Complete answer:
Plants evolve according to the natural selection and environmental conditions. For example, leaves of many plants in low water areas modify to reduce water loss from the plants and survive in a better way.
Similarly, plant species which grow in soils having high waterlogged or have compacted soils, modify their roots to become Pneumatophores and these roots modification is called as “breathing root” of plant species like mangroves. Pneumatophores structures contain many pores in the axial part and help in exchange of gases.
Mechanism behind the gas exchange is, gas exchange takes place due to a highly developed vascular system containing intercellular spaces which develops a gradient in-between and gases start diffusing to inside the roots or Pneumatophores.
Let’s discuss all available options.
Option ‘A’ is respiration: Respiration is the process of gaseous exchange in which plants and animals inhale a particular gas and exhale another gas. It is also known as breathing.
Option ‘B’ is Transpiration: Transpiration is the process of loose of water or exhalation of water from the stomata of plants due to sunlight and this happens through leaves of the plants.
Option ‘C’ is guttation: Guttation is the process in which water droplets come out of leaves of plants during night or in morning times.
Option ‘D’ is protein synthesis: Protein synthesis takes place inside the cells and it is the most important process in central dogma of life. Protein synthesis takes place from m-RNA of the cells in ribosomes with the help of different enzymes in the ribosomes.

So, after discussing these all points, we can conclude that option A, is the correct option, that Pneumatophores is related to respiration of the plant roots.

Note: Transpiration and guttation both processes involve loss of water but have small difference that is, Transpiration happens through stomata during day times and water comes out in the form of vapours but in guttation it happens during night time or during morning and water comes out in the form of droplets.