Question

Phosphide ion has electronic structure similar to that of:
A. Nitride ion
B. Chloride ion
C. Fluoride ion
D. Sodium ion

Answer 1

Hint: Phosphorus is defined as a chemical element having atomic number $15$ . It exists in two forms, that are, red phosphorus and white phosphorus. It is not found as a free element on earth and it is very highly reactive.
When we heat a metal with red phosphorus it gives phosphide ion. In this question we have used electron per shell formula that will tell us which ion shows similar structure to phosphide.

Complete step by step answer:
Electron per shell of the phosphorus is $2,8,5$
Phosphide ion $({{P}^{3-}})$ has the ability to gain three electrons and complete its octet. Therefore, its electron per shell is $2,8,8$
Now, let us see the electron per shell for the ions given in the options.
Nitride ion $({{N}^{3-}})$
The atomic number of nitrogen $(N)$ is $7$ and its electron per shell for nitrogen is $2,5$
Nitride ion $({{N}^{3-}})$ has the ability to gain three electrons and complete its octet. Therefore, its electron per shell is $2,8$
So, the electronic structure of phosphide ion is not similar to that of nitride ion.
Chloride ion $(C{{l}^{-}})$
The atomic number of chloride $(Cl)$ is $17$ and its electron per shell for chloride is $2,8,7$
Chloride ion $(C{{l}^{-}})$ has the ability to gain one electron and complete its octet. Therefore, its electron per shell is $2,8,8$
So, the electronic structure of phosphide ion is similar to that of chloride ion.
Fluoride ion $({{F}^{-}})$
The atomic number of fluoride $(F)$ is $9$ and its electron per shell for fluoride is $2,7$
Chloride ion $({{F}^{-}})$ has the ability to gain one electron and complete its octet. Therefore, its electron per shell is $2,8$
So, the electronic structure of phosphide ion is not similar to that of fluoride ion.
Sodium ion $(N{{a}^{+}})$
The atomic number of sodium $(Na)$ is $11$ and its electron per shell for sodium is $2,7$
Sodium ion $(N{{a}^{+}})$ has the ability to lose one electron and complete its octet. Therefore, its electron per shell is $2,8$
So, the electronic structure of phosphide ion is not similar to that of sodium ion.

So, the correct answer is Option B .

Note: In conclusion we have seen that chloride ion shows a similar structure to phosphide ion with the help of electron per shell configuration.
Shell is defined as a group of orbitals that are the outside part of an atom. Shells are divided into electron subshells and they contain the same value of the principal quantum number.
Atomic number is defined as the number of protons in an atom.
A principal quantum number is used to determine the state of an electron.