Question

Philips Collip discovered which of the following hormones?
A. Parathyroid hormone
B. Thyroxine
C. ADH
D. Oxytocin

Answer 1

Hint: On the backside of the thyroid gland, four parathyroid glands are present. One pair of the parathyroid gland is present on each lobe of the thyroid gland. Though parathyroid glands are present on the thyroid gland, these are functionally and developmentally independent of the thyroid gland.

Complete answer: The hormones released by the parathyroid gland is called parathyroid hormones, Collips hormone, or parathormone (PTH). This hormone helps in maintaining blood calcium levels along with calcitonin. PTH is also called a hypercalcemic hormone that helps to increase blood calcium levels. The scientist Eugene Gley worked on the parathyroid gland and after that, the functional importance of the parathyroid hormone was known. The scientist Brown-Sequard, who through a series of well-designed experiments showed that the removal of the parathyroid glands, causes thyroidectomy. In a series of articles published during the first decade of the 20th century, it was shown by several investigators that transplantation of parathyroid glands prevented the characteristic neuromuscular symptoms that develop in parathyroidectomies animals. The secretory functions of the parathyroids, however, were attributed by these authors to an antioxidant effect of their secretion which prevented tetany by the removal of toxins from the body. This false notion of the function of the parathyroid glands was supported by the observation that thyroidectomized dogs fed meat but no milk, before and after thyroidectomy, sustained the tetanic seizures. That the reason was the calcium content of milk and the role of parathyroids in control of serum calcium was to provide the next major advance in parathyroid physiology.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Note: Two types of cells are present in the parathyroid gland one is small chief cells and another is large oxyphil cells. There are two medical conditions related to the parathyroid gland one is parathyroid tetany due to hypoparathyroidism and another condition is hyperparathyroidism.