Answer
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Hint: We should know that the oxidation number is the formal charge that an atom appears to have when the electrons are counted as per certain arbitrary rules. Now you can try calculating the oxidation number of O in hydrogen peroxide.
Complete step by step answer:
You need to assign oxidation numbers to the elements in a compound by using the rules for oxidation numbers.
The important rules for this problem are:
Rule 1 - The oxidation number of H is +1, but it is -1 in when combined with less electronegative elements.
Rule 2 - The oxidation number of O in compounds is usually -2, but it is -1 in peroxides.
Rule 3 - The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a neutral compound is 0.
The oxidation number of H is +1 (Rule 1). If you know that ${ H }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 2 }$ is hydrogen peroxide, you can immediately assign oxygen to the oxidation number = -1.
If you don't know that is ${ H }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 2 }$ hydrogen peroxide, you can use rule 3 and the oxidation number of H is +1. For two H atoms, the sum is +2. Since ${ H }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 2 }$ has no charge, the total oxidation number of the two O atoms must be -2.
The oxidation number of H is +1. The oxidation number of O is -1.
Hence, the oxidation number of one oxygen atom must be -1.
Therefore the correct answer to this question is option A.
Note: You should also know some more facts about hydrogen peroxide -
Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest kind of peroxide available (oxygen-oxygen single bond).
It is a colorless liquid and is used in aqueous solution for safety reasons.
It acts as a bleaching agent and is also used as a disinfectant.
Concentrated hydrogen peroxide is a very reactive oxygen species and is used as a propellant in rocketry.
Complete step by step answer:
You need to assign oxidation numbers to the elements in a compound by using the rules for oxidation numbers.
The important rules for this problem are:
Rule 1 - The oxidation number of H is +1, but it is -1 in when combined with less electronegative elements.
Rule 2 - The oxidation number of O in compounds is usually -2, but it is -1 in peroxides.
Rule 3 - The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a neutral compound is 0.
The oxidation number of H is +1 (Rule 1). If you know that ${ H }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 2 }$ is hydrogen peroxide, you can immediately assign oxygen to the oxidation number = -1.
If you don't know that is ${ H }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 2 }$ hydrogen peroxide, you can use rule 3 and the oxidation number of H is +1. For two H atoms, the sum is +2. Since ${ H }_{ 2 }{ O }_{ 2 }$ has no charge, the total oxidation number of the two O atoms must be -2.
The oxidation number of H is +1. The oxidation number of O is -1.
Hence, the oxidation number of one oxygen atom must be -1.
Therefore the correct answer to this question is option A.
Note: You should also know some more facts about hydrogen peroxide -
Hydrogen peroxide is the simplest kind of peroxide available (oxygen-oxygen single bond).
It is a colorless liquid and is used in aqueous solution for safety reasons.
It acts as a bleaching agent and is also used as a disinfectant.
Concentrated hydrogen peroxide is a very reactive oxygen species and is used as a propellant in rocketry.
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