Question

What is the other name for (a) Myopia and (b) Hypermetropia?

Answer 1

Hint: The ‘Human Eye' is the human body's vision organ that allows us to see. The human eye(s) are housed in specialised sockets carved into the skull. Each human eye has a diameter of roughly \[2.5\] cm.
The process by which ciliary muscles change the focal length of the eyes so that a clear image forms on the retina is known as the power of accommodation. This fluctuates depending on whether the thing is far away or close by. Normal eyesight requires a four-dioptre accommodation power.

Complete answer:
Part A-
Myopia is also called near-sightedness.
Myopia is the inability of an eye to see objects that are far away. In this situation, the image is produced before the retina. There is a point beyond which a clean image cannot be perceived in every myopic eye. A concave lens is used to treat short-sightedness by diverging and shifting the image to the retina.
Myopia is caused by a number of natural reasons, one of which is hereditary.
The elongation of the eyeball or the bulging of the cornea causes this condition. The light rays are refracted in such a way that the picture is generated in front of the cornea when the usual curvature of the cornea bulges. When the image is focussed, the rods and cones of our eyes have zones where the image has the best clarity. As a result, because the image of distant objects is not created at the correct location, a problem is noticed.
To correct nearsightedness, a diverging lens might be utilised.
Part B-
Hypermetropia is also known as far-sightedness.
It's a refractive error that makes distant objects look clear while close objects look blurry.
Furthermore, for people with significant farsightedness, vision for objects at any distance, near or far, may be hazy.
These focusing elements have a smooth curve in an eye without refractive error, which bends incoming light to create a finely focused image on the retina.
The light does not bend or refract properly if the cornea is not smoothly curved, as it is in
the case of those with farsightedness. This results in a refractive error. When light enters
the eye, it concentrates behind or beyond the retina rather than on it, causing
farsightedness.
To correct nearsightedness, a converging lens might be utilised.

Note:
Cataract is a clouding of the lens that prevents a clean, sharp picture from forming. When old cells die, they cling together to form a capsule, which causes a clouding of the lens over time. As a result of the cloudy, hazy images emerge. Cataract surgery can be used to correct the condition. After removing the opaque lens by surgery, an artificial lens is used in its place.