Question

Of diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism, the universal property of all substance is
A.Diamagnetism
B.Paramagnetism
C.Ferromagnetism
D.All of the above

Answer 1

Hint: All substances exhibit some type of magnetism either it can be diamagnetic or paramagnetic or ferromagnetism. In this question, we have to find the universal property of all substances. Here, universal property means that all substances exhibit one of these magnetisms. So, we have to find which is the type of magnetism that all the substances exhibit.

Complete answer:
Diamagnetism is the property exhibited by the substance when it is placed in a magnetizing field and it gets magnetized in the opposite direction of the magnetic field. Typical materials that exhibit diamagnetism are water, calcium, etc.
Paramagnetism is the property exhibited by the substance when it is placed in a magnetic field and it gets magnetized in the direction of the magnetizing field. Typical materials that exhibit paramagnetism are simple salts like magnesium, lithium, oxygen etc.
Ferromagnetism is the property exhibited by the substance when it is placed in an external field it becomes a permanent magnet and remains magnetized even after the external field is removed. Typical materials exhibiting ferromagnetism are iron, steel etc.
Materials showing paramagnetism or ferromagnetism, also show diamagnetism. All materials are diamagnetic, just hidden by their greater paramagnetism or ferromagnetism.
Hence, of diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism, the universal property of all substances is diamagnetism.

So, the correct answer is option A i.e. diamagnetism.

Note:
Students must remember that even though many materials exhibit diamagnetism, very few of them actually respond to the applied magnetic field. Diamagnetism occurs due to paired electrons. Diamagnetic materials are repelled by magnetic fields while the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials attract magnetic fields. Diamagnetism is independent of the temperature. Diamagnetic substances do not obey Curie’s law.