Question

How do the object acquire charges on rubbing. Explain with an example.

Answer 1

Hint:The above problem can be resolved by applying the concept and application of energy transfer due to friction. The energy transfer due to the friction between the surfaces is known as the thermal energy transfer. Moreover, the concept of electronic excitation is also applied to resolve the condition.

Complete step by step answer:
The objects consist of the negatively charged electrons within themselves. When one of the objects undergoes rubbing action over the other object, then there is the friction caused between the objects' surfaces. Due to this friction, the heat energy is evolved and transferred to the adjacent molecules' electrons. After acquiring the thermal energy, the electrons get excited and tend to leave the parent atom's surface and get transferred to the adjacent atom or molecule. The continuous rubbing causes the continuous transfer of thermal energy and thus causes one to one movement of electrons from object to another object. In this way, the objects acquire charges on rubbing.
For example, when the balloons are rubbed against the wall or some cloth, the electrons get transferred from the wall or cloth material. And the balloon acquires some magnitude of charges.

Note: To resolve the given problem, one must have the basic knowledge of the excitation of the electron and the knowledge of thermal energy transfer. Moreover, the fundamental concepts of the static charges are to be remembered to resolve the given condition.