Question

Non-metals reacts with bases to form:
  (A) Hydrogen
  (B) salt
  (C) carbon dioxide
  (D) oxides

Answer 1

Hint: Non metals acts as electron acceptors and base acts as electron donors. So, when they combine the respective products are being formed. Formation of sodium chloride on reaction between chlorine and sodium hydroxide is an example.


Complete step by step solution:
  -As we are aware, elements in the periodic table are further classified into metals, non-metals, and metalloids based on their properties. In the leftmost part of the periodic table, metallic character is strongest for the elements and tends to decrease as we move to the right in any period and within a group of elements, from top to bottom the metallic character will increase.
 - Let's see in detail about nonmetals. They are the elements which form negative ions by gaining or by accepting electrons. They normally have four to seven electrons in their outermost shell.
  - In comparison with metals they lack all the metallic attributes and they usually act as good insulators of electricity and heat. Nonmetals are sometimes liquid and mostly gases. Some of them are even solid like Phosphorus, Carbon and Sulphur at room temperatures.
  -We are asked to find the product formed by the reaction between nonmetals and bases. With the exception of rare gases and nitrogen, most of the non-metals react with base or alkali hydroxides. As a result of these reactions, the corresponding salt and byproducts are formed.

  - Let's consider the example of reaction between chlorine which is a nonmetal and sodium hydroxide which is a strong base. The reaction can be written as follows

$\begin{align}
  & C{{l}_{2}}+2NaOH\to NaCl+NaOCl+{{H}_{2}}O \\
 & \\
\end{align}$


   - As we can see, when chlorine is reacted with the base sodium hydroxide, multiple products like sodium chloride, sodium hypochlorite, and water are formed where sodium chloride is the salt.
  - As we mentioned, nonmetals are electron acceptors and bases are electron donors. Thus, on a reaction between nonmetal and a base, bases donate electrons to nonmetals and the nonmetals accept them readily and hence the salt is formed.


Therefore, the answer is option (B) salt.


Note: It should be noted that when a metal is reacted with a base then the products would be different. That is when a metal is reacted with a base, hydrogen gas and corresponding metal salt is formed. The example of this reaction is the reaction between zinc and sodium hydroxide to form the metal salt sodium zincate and hydrogen gas.