Question

Name two methods of water harvesting in India?

Answer 1

Hint:
Two methods of water harvesting in India:
  (i) The excess water collected through rainfall can be carried to the wells, which further helps to recharge the wells and underground water.
  (ii) Collection of rainwater on top of the roof and directing dry tanks.

Complete solution:
According to experts, traditional knowledge of water conservation is the only sustainable way to combat the dangers of a national water emergency.
  India with its rich culture and heritage, water conservation efforts using images, rituals, traditional knowledge for water conservation, cultural practices on water knowledge and cultural images on water, ancient practices and work in a traditional way with metaphors Water warriors may conclude to confirm the value of traditional heritage on knowledge of water.
Traditional methods of water conservation
- Role of women: In ancient times, women were considered as gatekeepers of water ecology and were responsible for:
- Construction of world heritage sites like step wells, tanks and even ponds such as Queens step-well (Rani ki Vav) in Patan, Gujarat, and Rani and Padam Sagar in Jodhpur, Tank Nagamandala in Karnataka.
 - Cleaning and maintenance of water bodies
- Performing dances and songs:
- Girja Devi is singing the story of a woman to fetch water.
- Listening to the stories of Vidyadhari Bai of Varanasi, she practised catching the friction of the rope against the wall of the well in her voice.
Sacred aspect: Water bodies can be used for cleaning and maintaining water bodies.
- Like Uttarakhand, it is believed that the water spirit (masan) is present in all irrigation channels and must be melted for the protection of crops.
- The pre-monsoon ritual of Rajasthan, called Lassipa, ensures the aggregation, cleaning and desilting of all water bodies by all villagers.
- During the breeding festivals of Gangaur and Aak Teej, women come together to clean the lakes and tanks.

Note:
Rainwater harvesting such as the construction of tanks. The Rajwani system where water circulates through the sand settles on the gypsum layer and is brought into use by a complex capillary system called berry. Patali Paani which are deep aquifers which are determined by geological formation.

Community Ownership is traditional, water management was a community responsibility. Neeruganti in Karnataka was a person who controlled and managed the distribution of water. The system of water ownership is still practised in Spiti and Arunachal and some desert areas.