Question

Name two cell organelles that contain their own genetic component.
A. Plastid, mitochondria
B. Golgi apparatus, cell wall
C. Chloroplast, leucoplast
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Genetic material is mostly concentrated in the nucleus only. However certain other organelles also possess DNA and thus carry out production of various proteins for their cellular functioning.

Complete answer:
The DNA present in organelles is mostly circular resembling the DNA found in prokaryotes. This organelle DNA is circular in shape as compared to the nuclear DNA which is present in the linear form. Mitochondria is a eukaryotic cell organelle which is bounded by a double membrane. It contains its own DNA, often abbreviated as “mtDNA” encoding 37 genes and ribosomes. These genes are responsible for producing various enzymes for carrying out oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
Plastids are the plant cell organelles which are bounded by a double membrane. They are also involved in the metabolism of energy in the cells. Plastids also contain their own DNA and proteins. The plastid DNA encodes genes for formation of various proteins for carrying out metabolic reactions.
The mitochondria and plastid are therefore known as the semi-autonomous organelles.
On the other hand, other organelles do not contain their own genetic material which can be inherited in further generations.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Note: Mitochondria are also known as the powerhouse of a cell as it is responsible for generating most of the chemical energy in a cell to carry out various biochemical reactions. Adenosine triphosphate is the small molecule that stores the chemical energy produced by mitochondria. Plastid is also a cell organelle bounded by cell membrane. These organelles are involved in the process of photosynthesis and storage of various products like starch.