Question

Name the structure in which protein synthesis takes place
A. DNA
B. Mitochondria
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosomes

Answer 1

Hint: Protein synthesis is a chemical reaction that helps in the production of proteins. It consists of two processes: transcription and translation. These two processes are summed up by the central dogma of molecular biology. Proteins are tiny molecules inside cells which are required for all structure and function of the cells.

Complete step by step answer:
DNA is a double helix formed by base pairs attached to a sugar-phosphate backbone which is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms.
DNA stores the genetic information
It does not synthesize proteins.
Mitochondria are often called the powerhouse of a cell.
They make adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the short-term stored energy of the cell.
The nucleus is the site where the ribosome is synthesized.
The outer membrane of the nucleus is attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum which possesses ribosomes on its surface.
Inside the nucleus, chromatin (wrapped DNA around proteins) is stored in the nucleoplasm, a gel-like substance.
Ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm.
A ribosome is formed out of RNA and proteins.
The ribosome consists of two separate RNA-protein complexes called the large and small subunits, an RNA template sandwiched between the large subunit and the small subunit.
So, the correct answer is option (D), ribosomes.

Note: In eukaryotes, the nucleus gives the order to ribosomes for protein synthesis. Here portions of DNA are transcribed to build messenger RNAs (mRNAs). An mRNA uses the information it contains to build a protein with a specific amino acid sequence by the process called translation. The mRNAs of prokaryotes are transcribed in the cytoplasm since they lack nucleus and ribosomes can immediately be translated.