Question

Name the scientists who have contributed to the following.
(i) Reverse transcription.
(ii) Photorespiration.
(iii) Principle of limiting factors.
(iv) Photolysis of water.

Answer 1

Hint: A scientist is someone who does scientific research in order to advance knowledge in a particular field of study. The enzyme-mediated creation of a DNA molecule from an RNA template is known as reverse transcription. The resultant DNA, referred to as cDNA, can be utilised as a PCR template. RT-PCR stands for reverse transcription followed by PCR (reverse transcription-PCR).

Complete answer:
(i) The scientists who developed reverse transcription were Howard Temin and David Baltimore. This process earned them the Nobel Prize.
(ii) The process of photorespiration was discovered by scientists Decker and Tio.
(iii) Odum were the scientists who identified the limiting factors principles. The rate of reactions in photosynthesis is influenced by a number of factors.
(iv) The scientists that discovered the process of photolysis of water were Robert Hill. Hill's
reaction is the name for this type of reaction.

The oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO), the same enzyme responsible for $CO_2$ fixation in practically all photosynthetic organisms, initiates photorespiration. In the photorespiratory pathway, phosphoglycolate produced by oxygen fixation is recycled to the Calvin cycle intermediate phosphoglycerate.

Light is absorbed by chlorophyll, a form of photosynthetic pigment that converts light to chemical energy, in the granum of a chloroplast. When this combines with water ($H_2O$), the oxygen and hydrogen molecules are broken apart.

The principle that the component (such as a specific nutrient, water, or sunlight) in the shortest supply (the limiting factor) will limit an organism's or community's growth and development.

Note:-
The dark processes are a complicated set of enzymatically regulated chemical reactions that assimilate carbon into organic molecules. This is a bit of a misnomer, because these reactions can occur in both light and darkness. Furthermore, amid prolonged darkness, some of the enzymes engaged in the so-called dark processes become dormant; nevertheless, when the leaves containing them are exposed to light, they become active.