Answer
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Hint: A manometer is used for measuring the pressure exerted by liquids. It works on the principle of hydrostatic equilibrium. According to hydrostatic equilibrium, the excess pressure exerted at a point inside a liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid column above that point.
Complete step by step solution:
We know that there are many devices used for measuring the pressure of liquid as well as of gas.
But according to the concept of hydrostatic equilibrium.
Device: - A manometer is the device used for measuring the pressure exerted by liquids.
Working principle: - Hydrostatic equilibrium is the basic principle of working of a manometer.
Hydrostatic Equilibrium means Hydrostatic made up of two words Hydro and static that is when the liquid is in static equilibrium.
According to it, the pressure at any point on a fluid at static condition is always equal to the value of the weight of the overlying fluid.
Generally, a manometer is U-shaped in which an incompressible fluid like water and mercury is filled. After that when a liquid is put in it then the difference between the raise and depression in the liquid height of the U-tube of the manometer is used to measure pressure.
The formula for pressure difference is given by
\[{\text{P = }}{{{\rho }}_{\text{2}}}{{g}}{{{h}}_{\text{2}}} - {{{\rho }}_{\text{1}}}{{g}}{{{h}}_{\text{1}}}\]
Where
${{{\rho }}_{\text{2}}}$= Density of heavy liquid
${{\text{h}}_{\text{2}}}$ = Height of heavy liquid above reference line
${{{\rho }}_{\text{1}}}$ = Density of light liquid
${{{h}}_{{1}}}$ = Height of light liquid above the reference line.
On the basis of this formula, we easily determine the required pressure that a liquid exerts.
Note:
Hydrostatic equilibrium can be best represented by U-tube. Pressure, as determined by hydrostatic barometers, is often measured by determining the height of the liquid in the barometer column, thus the torr as a unit of pressure, but can be used to determine the pressure in SI units. Hydrostatic based barometers most commonly use water or mercury as the static liquid.
Complete step by step solution:
We know that there are many devices used for measuring the pressure of liquid as well as of gas.
But according to the concept of hydrostatic equilibrium.
Device: - A manometer is the device used for measuring the pressure exerted by liquids.
Working principle: - Hydrostatic equilibrium is the basic principle of working of a manometer.
Hydrostatic Equilibrium means Hydrostatic made up of two words Hydro and static that is when the liquid is in static equilibrium.
According to it, the pressure at any point on a fluid at static condition is always equal to the value of the weight of the overlying fluid.
Generally, a manometer is U-shaped in which an incompressible fluid like water and mercury is filled. After that when a liquid is put in it then the difference between the raise and depression in the liquid height of the U-tube of the manometer is used to measure pressure.
The formula for pressure difference is given by
\[{\text{P = }}{{{\rho }}_{\text{2}}}{{g}}{{{h}}_{\text{2}}} - {{{\rho }}_{\text{1}}}{{g}}{{{h}}_{\text{1}}}\]
Where
${{{\rho }}_{\text{2}}}$= Density of heavy liquid
${{\text{h}}_{\text{2}}}$ = Height of heavy liquid above reference line
${{{\rho }}_{\text{1}}}$ = Density of light liquid
${{{h}}_{{1}}}$ = Height of light liquid above the reference line.
On the basis of this formula, we easily determine the required pressure that a liquid exerts.
Note:
Hydrostatic equilibrium can be best represented by U-tube. Pressure, as determined by hydrostatic barometers, is often measured by determining the height of the liquid in the barometer column, thus the torr as a unit of pressure, but can be used to determine the pressure in SI units. Hydrostatic based barometers most commonly use water or mercury as the static liquid.
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