Question

Name or state the following with reference to the element of the first three periods of the periodic table.
Typical elements of Groups 14 and 15.

Answer 1

Hint: As we know that chemistry periodic table has arranged almost all the elements present in the form of groups and periods. These are arranged period wise according to the atomic number and also the sub shell whereas groups classify the elements on the basis of their mutual physical and chemical properties.

Complete answer:
As we know that there are 118 elements present till now and these are arranged among 18 groups and 7 periods. Each group element has different physical and chemical characteristics.
-Group 14: This group is also known as the carbon family. It is the second group in p-block of the periodic table and has +4 oxidation state due to 4 valence electrons in the outermost shell. The elements that belong to this group, starting from the second period are as follows:-
Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb) and Flerovium (Fl)
-Group 15: This group is also known as the nitrogen or pnictogen family. It is the third group in p-block of the periodic table and has -3 as the main oxidation state due to 5 valence electrons in the outermost shell. The elements that belong to this group, starting from the second period are as follows:-
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (Ar), antimony (Sb) and bismuth (Bi)
-There are only 2 elements that belong to the first period which are hydrogen and helium. Both of these elements do not belong to groups 14 and 15.
-Therefore the typical elements of Groups 14 and 15 (first three periods of the periodic table) are as follows:-
Group 14: Carbon (C), Silicon (Si)
Group 15: Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P)

Note:
-Remember that except the second period elements, all others can show variable oxidation states due to availability of extra orbitals or subshells.
-Also learn the elements and their common properties with respect to their groups and periods as they have a common trend.