Question

What is the name of the particle which has ${\text{10}}$ electrons, ${\text{11}}$ protons , ${\text{12}}$ neutrons?

Answer 1

Hint: For an element in ground state they have equal electrons and protons which is also their atomic number. So, in this element we will compare the number of electrons, proton and neutron to know the element.

Complete step by step answer:
Atomic number of a compound is said to be the number of protons of the element because the electrons are added or lost by various reactions so one can be confused with the atomic number. So, the number of protons is the actual atomic number. For an electron to be the atomic number the element should be in ground gaseous state.
Mass number of an element is the sum of the number of protons and number of neutrons present in the nucleus.
For the above given number of electrons and protons if we observe that the number of electrons is different from the number of protons, and this clearly indicates that the element is not in its ground gaseous state, it is an ion. Since the number of electrons is less than the protons that means the element has lost an electron and become a cation. So, we will calculate the atomic number with the help of protons.
Number of protons = ${\text{11}}$
Atomic number = ${\text{11}}$
Number of electrons = ${\text{10}}$
Mass number = ${\text{neutron + proton = 12 + 11 = 23}}$
So, sodium has ${\text{11}}$ atomic number and has ${\text{11}}$ electrons since one electron is lost here so it is a cation.

So, sodium has ${\text{11}}$ atomic number and has ${\text{11}}$ electrons since one electron is lost here so it is a cation.

Additional information:
The isotopes of the elements are the ones with same number of electron and proton only there is difference in the number of neutrons like hydrogen isotope protium has one neutron, deuterium has two neutron and tritium has three neutrons.

Note: Ions should not be confused with the isotopes as ions show difference in the number of electrons while isotopes show the difference in the number of neutrons in the nucleus. Ions are charged particles while isotopes are not charged particles.