Question

What is the most common oxidation state of manganese metal?

Answer 1

Hint: We have to know that the oxidation state, at times alluded to as oxidation number, depicts the level of oxidation (loss of electrons) of a molecule in a substance compound. Adroitly, the oxidation state, which might be positive, negative or zero, is the speculative charge that an atom would have if all bonds to molecules of various components were $100\% $ ionic, with no covalent part. This is never precisely valid for genuine bonds.

Complete answer:
We have to know that the oxidation condition of an atom (at times alluded to as the oxidation number) in a substance compound gives understanding into the quantity of electrons lost and, in this manner, portrays the degree of oxidation of the atom. The oxidation state of an iota can be characterized as the theoretical charge that would be held by that atom if the entirety of its bonds to different iotas were totally ionic in nature.
We know that the atomic number of manganese is twenty-five and so, the outermost electronic configuration of manganese is $\left[ {Ar} \right]3{d^5}4{s^2}$. We can determine the most stable oxidation by using the ground-state electron configuration. When a neutral manganese atom loses two electrons from its outermost shell $4s$, the electronic configuration would change from $\left[ {Ar} \right]3{d^5}$. So, the oxidation state of manganese metal is $ + 2$. We can say that the most stable of manganese metal is $ + 2$ because as several electrons are unpaired as possible, being scattered based on Hund’s rule. They also accommodate the non-highest energy outermost orbitals.
The most common oxidation state of manganese metal is $ + 2$.

Note: We have to know that Oxidation state and oxidation number are terms every now and again utilized conversely. They are the amounts which portray the quantity of electrons lost in a particle. Preferably, the oxidation state is either zero, positive, or negative. We have to know that the oxidation state of an atom is not the real charge of the atom.