Question

……………….. Monosaccharide is a pentose sugar.
(a) Arabinose
(b) Fructose
(c) Glucose
(d) Galactose

Answer 1

Hint: Monosaccharide is joined through glycosidic bonds and is the most basic form of carbohydrate that forms a layer of larger carbohydrates which are called oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. They are defined as the simplest sugar which consists of three to seven carbons.

Complete answer:
Arabinose monosaccharide is a pentose sugar that consists of 5 carbon atoms and includes an aldehyde functional group. It is also known as Pectinose and is most abundant in nature for biosynthetic reasons. Some kinds of arabinose are common in nature and are found as a component of biopolymers which includes hemicellulose and pectin. The promoters in E.coli are expressed by Arabinose which is often used as a reversible switch or a one-way switch for protein expression used in synthetic biology.

Additional information:
Fructose: It is a simple sugar that has ketonic sugar that is found in various plants which get bound to glucose for the formation of disaccharides sucrose. The three dietary monosaccharides consist of fructose which is absorbed directly into the blood during the process of digestion.
Glucose: It is a most abundant monosaccharide which is a simple sugar and is made by plants which include algae during the process of photosynthesis from the water and carbon dioxide using the energy from sunlight. The most important source of energy in all organisms is glucose during the process of energy metabolism and is stored as a polymer in plants as starch.
Galactose: It is a molecule that is linked with glucose molecules for the formation of lactose molecules and is a monosaccharide sugar which is sweet as a similar to the glucose and as a similar to sucrose for about $65\%$. The polymeric chain of galactose forms the core of galactans which is the polymeric form.

So, the correct answer is 'Arabinose'.

Note:
Some dairy products consist of galactose and it is synthesized by the body where the glycolipids and glycoproteins are formed in several tissues. Fructose is found to help in weight gain and is associated with providing excess calories. European Food Safety Authority has concluded to replace glucose in sucrose with fructose due to its lower effect on blood glucose levels.