Question

Mineral translocation in plants occurs through
A. Xylem
B. Phloem
C. Tracheids
D. All of these

Answer 1

Hint: In the soil profile, the translocation of materials is primarily due to water potential gradients and chemical concentrations within the soil pores. With water movement, soluble minerals, colloidal matter, organic compounds, and iron can travel up or down the profile, between horizons.

Complete Answer:
The movement of organic molecules and some mineral ions means translocation in vascular plants. In xylem vessels, water movement from the soil to the leaves occurs as a result of transpiration. Because of the forces of cohesion between water molecules formed due to hydrogen bonds that allow the water to flow upwards, transpiration, the evaporation of water from leaves, creates a pull on the water column. In the living cells of the phloem, organic materials, primarily formed in the leaves, are transported around the plant through a process called translocation.

To form a continuous system of water-conducting channels reaching all parts of the plants, the xylem, vessels, and tracheids of the roots, stems, and leaves are linked together. Water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots are transferred across the plant by the system. Therefore by Xylem, mineral translocation in plants occurs.

They create an electrochemical proton gradient for the supply of ion movement energy. Once again the ions are tested and transported inwardly over the endodermal cells by transport proteins present. Endodermis permits the internal, but not external, passage of ions. The transfer of ions from the soil to the root interior is against the gradient of concentration, requiring active transport. In the membrane of root hairs, such ion pumps occur.

The ATP provides electricity. Respiratory inhibitors such as cyanide, which inhibit ATP synthesis, typically decrease ion absorption. A passive approach must be the small amount that passes into the root even without ATP. ATPases occur over the plasma membranes of root epidermal cells for active transport.

The correct answer is option (A) 'Xylem'.

Note: While xylem is typically considered to carry inorganic nutrients while phloem carries organic nutrients, the same is not entirely true. Nitrogen travels as inorganic ions in xylem sap, as well as organic amino acid forms and associated compounds. Tiny quantities of P and S are transferred as organic compounds to xylem.